Home Router NAT Port Address Translation

A short video presentation of how most home routers do network address translation. It is useful to know how the router knows which device to send the data to. It is also helpful to understand why VPN routers need to use a different internal subnet to avoid getting confused.

Original longer video covering forms of NAT less frequently used in home routers: Youtube: NAT Explained | Overload, Dynamic & Static

Cisco Packet Tracer

Packet Tracer is a cross-platform visual simulation tool designed by Cisco Systems that allows users to create network topologies and imitate modern computer networks. The software allows users to simulate the configuration of Cisco routers and switches using a simulated command line interface. Packet Tracer makes use of a drag and drop user interface, allowing users to add and remove simulated network devices as they see fit. The software is mainly focused towards Certified Cisco Network Associate Academy students as an educational tool for helping them learn fundamental CCNA concepts. 

Packet Tracer requires authentication with your NetAcad.com login and password when you first use it and for each new OS login session.

USB Port on Routers

I have an access point with a USB port on it. It also has a console and ethernet port.   What is the USB port used for?  At first I thought it might be the port used for serial but rechecking using google that is the console port.  It turns out the more modern routers can connect with other peripherals such as external hard disk and printer and even to a 3G dongle.

I think there might be exceptions such as with the Alfa AP121U access point.  When you flash it with Pinneaple router you use the USB port.

Flashing a Linksys WRT54G and WRT54GL Router with DD-WRT Firmware

This is a summary of the process of flashing DD-WRT onto a Linksys WRT54GL wireless router.

Research Links – make sure to read about your own routers particulars if you are not doing the same model as I did.  In this case I did a WRT54GL.   This is where I got my information.  You can probably skip all this if you have the same model router.

Steps

  1. Do the 30 30 30 reset
  2. download the firmware of choice: I used dd-wrt.v24_mini_generic.bin  Put the MICRO or MINI build on this router first if you're upgrading from the stock Linksys firmware
  3. Use the firmware upgrade web interface to update your router with dd-wrt. DO NOT close your browser or interrupt the process until you are sure it has completed.

Once you have sucessfully completed these steps you can upgrade to a firmware version of your choosing as long as it is <4MB in size per the table in the Wikipedia entry for this router.

Related Work

How to set this up as a network bridge

I want to investigate the business model advertised in the above image.