Home Router NAT Port Address Translation
A short video presentation of how most home routers do network address translation. It is useful to know how the router knows which device to send the data to. It is also helpful to understand why VPN routers need to use a different internal subnet to avoid getting confused.
Original longer video covering forms of NAT less frequently used in home routers: Youtube: NAT Explained | Overload, Dynamic & Static
Cisco Packet Tracer
Packet Tracer is a cross-platform visual simulation tool designed by Cisco Systems that allows users to create network topologies and imitate modern computer networks. The software allows users to simulate the configuration of Cisco routers and switches using a simulated command line interface. Packet Tracer makes use of a drag and drop user interface, allowing users to add and remove simulated network devices as they see fit. The software is mainly focused towards Certified Cisco Network Associate Academy students as an educational tool for helping them learn fundamental CCNA concepts.
Packet Tracer requires authentication with your NetAcad.com login and password when you first use it and for each new OS login session.
USB Port on Routers
I have an access point with a USB port on it. It also has a console and ethernet port. What is the USB port used for? At first I thought it might be the port used for serial but rechecking using google that is the console port. It turns out the more modern routers can connect with other peripherals such as external hard disk and printer and even to a 3G dongle.
I think there might be exceptions such as with the Alfa AP121U access point. When you flash it with Pinneaple router you use the USB port.
Automatic IP Address Assignment – How DHCP Works
DHCP assigns local IP addresses withing a local area network (LAN). This video details the process of handing out IP addresses.
Network Address Translation – NAT
Network Address Translation translates the local area network LAN private IP addresses such as 192.168.1.2 to public ones.
Adding Ethernet Physical Ports to a Router – Cascading Routers
It is easy to add ports to a router by using a switch. Â Switches generally run on MAC address alone and leave the IP address assignment to the router and thus the DHCP server will assign units attached to the switch their own IP addresses.



