2 Slit with Measurement at One Slit – A quantum view of re-emission

2-Slit_ReEmit

Sequence of Events

  • 50% of the time a photon will be detected at the output of the left hand slit
  • Source emits single photon
  • Photon travels through both slits
  • Due to the right hand path being low probability amplitude the interference pattern at the left slit is not complete interference.  It is lump with squiggle superimposed on it.
  • The photon is measured there.  
  • Since the photon is measured at the output of the left slit due to energy conservation it precludes it also being at the output of the right slit.  Thus it must be considered as mostly re emitted from the measurement location.
  • The photon travels on to the screen where you see very little interference in the pattern.

So maybe the photon always goes through both slits at least somewhat?

Book: Advanced Quantum Mechanics – Freeman Dyson

He did not just invent the vacuum cleaner

When Richard Feynman left Cornell Freeman Dyson was asked to fill in for him and teach an advanced quantum mechanics class.  His notes from that class have been made into a book and are available in pdf form.

The story behind the book is told in the video below.  David Bohm taught Freeman Dyson QM.  

Two Slit Experiment with Quantum Eraser Realized with RF Components

RF-Quantum-Eraser

For the optical version see: Home Made Quantum Eraser Experiment Using Laser 2 Slits Polarizer Material

I wanted to think about this experiment in terms of RF components to see if there was anything new I could extract.  In RF speak here is what happens. 

Description I.T.O. Standard Radio Frequency Speak

With NO Eraser

  • Generator / oscillator on a microstrip board generates a vertically polarized wave
  • The wave travels down the microstrip to 2 vertically polarized antennas at the edge of the board spaced strategically to give conveniently spaced interference pattern
  • Each antenna output next encounters a polarizer oriented at 45 degrees to vertical.
  • In RF speak we say that the RF wave is re-radiated from the polarizers. 1/2 of the wave is transmitted and 1/2 is reflected at each polarizer
  • The 2 separate streams are now in orthogonal polarizations.  Thus I assume they will not be able to interfer with one another at the screen.  
  • The non-interfering pattern is seen on the screen
  • A total power loss of 1/2 is seen,

With Eraser

  • Generator / oscillator on a microstrip board generates a vertically polarized wave
  • The wave travels down the microstrip to 2 vertically polarized antennas at the edge of the board spaced strategically to give conveniently spaced interference pattern
  • Each antenna output next encounters a polarizer oriented at 45 degrees to vertical.
  • In RF speak we say that the RF wave is re-radiated from the polarizers. 1/2 of the wave is transmitted and 1/2 is reflected at each polarizer
  • The 2 separate streams are now in orthogonal polarizations.  Thus I assume they will not be able to interfer with one another at the screen if left as is.
  • ERASURE:  The 2 separate streams encounter the vertical polarizer.  The RF wave is re-radiated from the polarizer with 1/2 going back toward the generator and 1/2 going to the screen.  The polarization of stream 1 and 2 are now aligned and thus complete constructive and destructive interference is possible. 
  • The interfering pattern is seen on the screen.
  • A total power loss of 1/4 is seen due to each passing through 2 polarizer stages each oriented at 45 degrees to the stream.

Observation

It is easy to see why there is no interference in the first case.  We have arranged for each path to be in orthogonal polarization states. They can not interfere when orthogonal.

Quantum Mechanics Logic

Gates.

Quantum logic

In a famous paper of 1936, the first work ever to introduce quantum logics,[28] von Neumann first proved that quantum mechanics requires a propositional calculus substantially different from all classical logics and rigorously isolated a new algebraic structure for quantum logics. The concept of creating a propositional calculus for quantum logic was first outlined in a short section in von Neumann's 1932 work. But in 1936, the need for the new propositional calculus was demonstrated through several proofs. For example, photons cannot pass through two successive filters which are polarized perpendicularly (e.g., one horizontally and the other vertically), and therefore, a fortiori, it cannot pass if a third filter polarized diagonally is added to the other two, either before or after them in the succession. But if the third filter is added in between the other two, the photons will indeed pass through. And this experimental fact is translatable into logic as the non-commutativity of conjunction (A\land B)\ne (B\land A). It was also demonstrated that the laws of distribution of classical logic, P\lor(Q\land R)=(P\lor Q)\land(P\lor R) and P\land (Q\lor R)=(P\land Q)\lor(P\land R), are not valid for quantum theory. The reason for this is that a quantum disjunction, unlike the case for classical disjunction, can be true even when both of the disjuncts are false and this is, in turn, attributable to the fact that it is frequently the case, in quantum mechanics, that a pair of alternatives are semantically determinate, while each of its members are necessarily indeterminate. This latter property can be illustrated by a simple example. Suppose we are dealing with particles (such as electrons) of semi-integral spin (angular momentum) for which there are only two possible values: positive or negative. Then, a principle of indetermination establishes that the spin, relative to two different directions (e.g., x and y) results in a pair of incompatible quantities. Suppose that the state É¸ of a certain electron verifies the proposition "the spin of the electron in the x direction is positive." By the principle of indeterminacy, the value of the spin in the direction y will be completely indeterminate for É¸. Hence, É¸ can verify neither the proposition "the spin in the direction of y is positive" nor the proposition "the spin in the direction of y is negative." Nevertheless, the disjunction of the propositions "the spin in the direction of y is positive or the spin in the direction of y is negative" must be true for É¸. In the case of distribution, it is therefore possible to have a situation in which A \land (B\lor C)= A\land 1 = A, while (A\land B)\lor (A\land C)=0\lor 0=0.

Von Neumann proposes to replace classical logics, with a logic constructed in orthomodular lattices, (isomorphic to the lattice of subspaces of the Hilbert space of a given physical system).[29]

Research Links

The transition from Classical to Quantum Mechanical Physics

The top diagram shows a collection of particles on the left side of a divider.  If you imagine removing the divider the motion in aggregate is going to be described by a decaying exponential with a real term in the exponent. 

The lower diagram shows the same setup with only one particle.  Since we intend on looking at it in particular it is obvious that a decaying exponential will not be sufficient.  Once the particle manages to travel from the left half of the divider to the right half of the divider it has the same level of chance to return to the left side.  Thus it requires some sort of imaginary term in the exponential if we assume that diffusion still reigns as the mechanism of transport

In the Feynman lecture on physics there is a derivation of the Schrodinger wave equation that assumes difusion of the type in the second image.

Transition-to-Quantum-Mechanical

Feyman Lectures on Physics Online